What Is the Highest Temperature Ever Recorded

Many are curious about the hottest temperature ever recorded, but there is misleading information out there with regard to this statistic. Until September 2012, the record for the worlds hottest temperature was held by  Al Aziziyah, Libya that was reported to have reached a high of  136.4 °F (58 °C) on  September 13 of 1922. However, the  World Meteorological Organization has since determined that this temperature was overestimated by about 12.6 °F (7 °C). But what caused such a major miscalculation? The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) concluded that there were a few factors at play: faulty equipment was used, the individual that read the thermometer that day was inexperienced, and the observation site was poorly selected and did not accurately represent its surrounding area. Highest Temperatures by Continent In reality, North America holds the record high temperature. Below, read about the highest numbers ever reached on a thermometer in each of the worlds seven continents. Asia Two locations have reached extreme—and very close—record temperatures in Asia just since 2016. Mitribah, Kuwait saw a high of 129 °F (53.9 °C) in July of 2016 and Turbat, Pakistan reached 128.7 °F (53.7 °C) in May of 2017. These are the highest temperatures reached most recently anywhere in the world as of 2019. On the continent of Asias far western edge, near the junction of Africa, Tirat Zvi, Israel was reported to have reached a temperature of 129.2 °F (54.0 °C) on June 21, 1942.  This record is still under evaluation by the WMO as it was not officially recorded at the time. Africa While equatorial Africa is commonly believed to be the hottest place on earth, according to world record temperatures, it is not. The highest temperature ever recorded in Africa was  131.0 °F (55.0 °C) in  Kebili, Tunisia, reached in July of 1931. This small town in North Africa is located along the northern edge of the  Sahara Desert. Though impressively hot, this record temperature is not quite the highest in the world and the continent has not come close to topping it since 1931. North America The world record for the highest temperature ever officially recorded is 134.0 °F (56.7 °C). Furnace Creek Ranch in Death Valley, California holds this crown and achieved this global high on July 10, 1913. The global record temperature is, of course, also the record high for the continent of North America. Due to its geography and location, Death Valley is both the lowest and arguably also the hottest place on earth. South America On December 11, 1905, the highest temperature in South American history clocked in at  120 °F  (48.9 °C) in  Rivadavia, Argentina. Rivadavia is located in northern Argentina, just south of the Paraguayan border in the Gran Chaco and east of the Andes. This coastal province sees a wide range of temperatures due to its position along the sea. Antarctica Unsurprisingly, the lowest high-temperature extreme for all continents is held by frigid Antarctica. The highest temperature ever met by this southernmost continent was 63.5 °F  (17.5 °C), met at the Esperanza research station on March 24, 2015. This incredibly high temperature is quite unusual for the continent that houses the South Pole. Researchers believe that Antarctica has probably reached even higher temperatures but that these have not been properly or scientifically captured. Europe Athens, the capital of Greece, holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Europe. The high temperature of 118.4 °F (48.0 °C)  was reached on July 10, 1977 in Athens as well as in the town of  Elefsina, which is situated just northwest of Athens. Athens is located on the coast of the Aegean Sea but the sea did not keep the greater Athens area cool on that scorching day. Australia Higher temperatures tend to be reached on larger stretches of land as opposed to small islands. Islands are always more temperate than continents because the ocean mitigates temperature extremes. For this reason, with regard to the region of Oceania, it makes sense that the record high temperature was reached in Australia and not in one of many islands in the region such as Polynesia. The highest temperature recorded in Australia was in the Stuart Range of  Oodnadatta, South Australia, nearly in the center of the country. The high temperature of  123.0 °F (50.7 °C) was reached on January 2, 1960. Sources â€Å"WMO Verifies 3rd and 4th Hottest Temperature Recorded on Earth.†Ã‚  World Meteorological Organization, 18 June 2019.â€Å"World: Highest Temperature.†Ã‚  World Meteorological Organizations World Weather Climate Extremes Archive, Arizona State University.

Essay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research

The topic of stem cells can become a very controversial subject in the scientific research world. Stem cells serve as an internal repair system to restore other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. By doing so, many fatal and untreatable diseases such as leukemia and Parkinson’s would be able to be treated and cured. The origination of stem cells is what stirs up great controversy across the nation and among the world. Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kinds of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic or â€Å"adult† stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos, as their name suggests, therefore many believe this is morally and ethically wrong. Stem cells have the ability to develop†¦show more content†¦One of the fundamental properties of a stem cell is that it does not have any tissue-specific structures that allow it to perform specialized functions, making it unspecialized. A cell undergoes differen tiation which is when unspecialized stem cells give rise to specialized cells. While differentiating, the cell undergoes several stages, becoming more specialized at each step (Stem Cell Basics, 2009). There is significant difference between adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Adult stem cells only generate the cell types of the tissue in which they reside. Scientists have found stem cells in many more tissues in the recent years than they ever thought possible. Stem cells from bone marrow have been used for transplants for over 40 years, but researchers have now found that stem cells also exist in the brain and heart. Adult stem cells are rare in mature tissues, so isolating these cells from adult tissues can be challenging. They are also currently believed to be less likely to initiate rejection after transplantation than embryonic stem cells. This is because the patient’s own stem cells and tissues are being reintroduced into the patient, therefore they are less lik e to be rejected by the immune system (Top 10). On the other hand, embryonic stem cells are mostly derived from embryos that have been fertilized in vitro and are then donated to research with the consent of the donor. These stem cells can become all cellShow MoreRelatedThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesStates, research has become a viable tool for sustaining and prolonging human life. As research evolves, it brings along with it much controversy, especially where stem cell research is involved. Stem cell research can bring new insight to today’s medical field. This may be the way of finding solutions concerning many health injuries and diseases which would diversely be thought of as implausible. Thoughts can be influenced by Deborah White, in Pros Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, â€Å"EmbryonicRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversy Over Stem Cell Research In a lab at the University of California, a scientist carefully isolates several cells and locates them to a petry dish. A few days later, he returns to find the cells pulsating like a human heart (Gorman 58). This account has actually been occurring at several scientific labs across the nation. These cells, known as stem cells, produce nearly all the other cells and tissues found in the human body (Sobel Sep 4, 22). Intensive research has found that whenRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2353 Words   |  10 PagesThe Moral Debate over Stem Cell Research President George W. Bush looked stern and confident as he addressed the American people on August 9th, 2001. It was an historic day for the 43rd president, as he explained the debate surrounding embryonic stem cell research, including its possible benefits for science but also its problems surrounding morals and ethics. â€Å"The issue is debated within the church, with people of different faiths, even many of the same faith coming to different conclusionsRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic of stem cell research does not affect me so much at the moment. It might in the future, but for now it does not. I do believe that stem cell research should be used for cloning organs that will be used for organ transplants. I do not however think that parents should place the doctors on pedestals just because these â€Å"mad scientists† supposedly have the power of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic of heated debate does intrigue me, but not to the point as to where I would makeRead MoreEssay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research1025 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Should stem cell research be allowed? Stem cell research has been a major biological breakthrough in recent years. It has great potential to help people and ease suffering. But there is also a moral question raised about stem cell research, and that comes from the source of stem cells. Ever since Stem Cell research started, there has been much debate over whether or not it should be allowed. Some people are completely against stem cell research becauseRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cells Few scientific issues in recent years have managed to draw as much attention, both scientific and otherwise, than stem cell research. I was first introduced to the term ‘stem cells’ when I was in high school, and since then, I have had a keen interest in the direction science is taking them. When considering medical research as a whole, stem cells appear to have the makings of a 21st century medical revolution a la discovery of antibiotics . The open-ended nature of stems cells hasRead More The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay3495 Words   |  14 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Stem cells are the newest hot topic in biological research. Very few other ongoing areas of research have been the focus of numerous articles, Presidential and Congressional scrutiny, and numerous ethical debates played out in the national media. This ongoing focus on stem cells is due in part to their amazing potential and in part to the controversial nature of one type of stem cell—the embryonic stem cell. The key question that is being dealt with is the issueRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2717 Words   |  11 PagesStem Cell Research - Embryonic Stem Cell Use Controversial Despite the strong consensus in America against creating embryos to destroy them, those actually involved in embryo research no longer see any serious ethical problem in it. Now the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) says that ASRMs ethical guidelines permit the creation of human embryos to destroy them. Some even argue that such research is morally superior to the use of spare embryos, because the egg and sperm donorsRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2103 Words   |  9 Pages(Engebreston, 2006). In today’s world medical research and technology is rapidly changing and there are increasing ethical conflicts between science and religion particularly with the recent harvest and research of embryonic stem cells. The use of embryonic stem cells has been described by â€Å"Chris McDonald, stem cell research centre, 2008† as one of the most significant breakthroughs of this century in biomedicine. The focus question within this rese arch assignment is, it is right to regard an embryoRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay examples1237 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Extraordinary advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases is believed, by many experts, to lie behind the curtain of stem cell research. Very few other areas of research have received this much attention from the media, political leaders and various groups and organizations from around the nation. The responsiveness to this issue has been incredible because of the potential of these studies as well as the most controversial aspect of the research; Essay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Stem Cell Research Should stem cell research be allowed? Stem cell research has been a major biological breakthrough in recent years. It has great potential to help people and ease suffering. But there is also a moral question raised about stem cell research, and that comes from the source of stem cells. Ever since Stem Cell research started, there has been much debate over whether or not it should be allowed. Some people are completely against stem cell research because the stem cells are often taken from aborted pregnancies, they consider it murder. While others want stem cell research to continue because it can help ease peoples suffering and cure disease. There are already certain restrictions†¦show more content†¦These cells were used for in virtro, and when no longer needed were given to researchers. Stem cells in the Foetus are the origin of specialized cell types that make up the lungs, heart, liver and other tissue. Adult stem cells in some tissue such as muscle tissue are there to replace cells lost from disease injury and wear and tear. Scientists are more interested in embryonic stem cells then adult stem cells because they are grown easily in laboratories and seem to be able to become any kind of cell. Adult stem cells can only generate cells of the tissue they reside in, so for example nerve stem cells can only produce nerve cells and would not be able to make blood cells. Many scientists predict in the future stem cells may be able to treat diseases like Diabetes and Parkinsons disease. Stem cells have caused a lengthy morale debate worldwide. When discussing the impact of stem cell research there are two ways it can be seen. First of all there is the side for stem cell research; stem cells have the ability to help cure certain disease and also help repair damaged organs and thus the potential to save lives and alleviate pain, they also have other potential benefits. On the other hand stem cells are often taken from embryos and foetuses which many people consider immoral because the embryos and foetuses are being robbedShow MoreRelatedThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesStates, research has become a viable tool for sustaining and prolonging human life. As research evolves, it brings along with it much controversy, especially where stem cell research is involved. Stem cell research can bring new insight to today’s medical field. This may be the way of finding solutions concerning many health injuries and diseases which would diversely be thought of as implausible. Thoughts can be influenced by Deborah White, in Pros Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, â€Å"EmbryonicRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversy Over Stem Cell Research In a lab at the University of California, a scientist carefully isolates several cells and locates them to a petry dish. A few days later, he returns to find the cells pulsating like a human heart (Gorman 58). This account has actually been occurring at several scientific labs across the nation. These cells, known as stem cells, produce nearly all the other cells and tissues found in the human body (Sobel Sep 4, 22). Intensive research has found that whenRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2353 Words   |  10 PagesThe Moral Debate over Stem Cell Research President George W. Bush looked stern and confident as he addressed the American people on August 9th, 2001. It was an historic day for the 43rd president, as he explained the debate surrounding embryonic stem cell research, including its possible benefits for science but also its problems surrounding morals and ethics. â€Å"The issue is debated within the church, with people of different faiths, even many of the same faith coming to different conclusionsRead MoreEssay on The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research2589 Words   |  11 Pagesof stem cells can become a very controversial subject in the scientific research world. Stem cells serve as an internal repair system to restore other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. By doing so, many fatal and untreatable diseases such as leukemia and Parkinson’s would be able to be treated and cured. The origination of stem cells is what stirs up great controversy across the nation and among the world. Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kinds of stem cells:Read MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic of stem cell research does not affect me so much at the moment. It might in the future, but for now it does not. I do believe that stem cell research should be used for cloning organs that will be used for organ transplants. I do not however think that parents should place the doctors on pedestals just because these â€Å"mad scientists† supposedly have the power of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The topic of heated debate does intrigue me, but not to the point as to where I would makeRead More The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay3495 Words   |  14 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Stem cells are the newest hot topic in biological research. Very few other ongoing areas of research have been the focus of numerous articles, Presidential and Congressional scrutiny, and numerous ethical debates played out in the national media. This ongoing focus on stem cells is due in part to their amazing potential and in part to the controversial nature of one type of stem cell—the embryonic stem cell. The key question that is being dealt with is the issueRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cells Few scientific issues in recent years have managed to draw as much attention, both scientific and otherwise, than stem cell research. I was first introduced to the term ‘stem cells’ when I was in high school, and since then, I have had a keen interest in the direction science is taking them. When considering medical research as a whole, stem cells appear to have the makings of a 21st century medical revolution a la discovery of antibiotics . The open-ended nature of stems cells hasRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2717 Words   |  11 PagesStem Cell Research - Embryonic Stem Cell Use Controversial Despite the strong consensus in America against creating embryos to destroy them, those actually involved in embryo research no longer see any serious ethical problem in it. Now the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) says that ASRMs ethical guidelines permit the creation of human embryos to destroy them. Some even argue that such research is morally superior to the use of spare embryos, because the egg and sperm donorsRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay2103 Words   |  9 Pages(Engebreston, 2006). In today’s world medical research and technology is rapidly changing and there are increasing ethical conflicts between science and religion particularly with the recent harvest and research of embryonic stem cells. The use of embryonic stem cells has been described by â€Å"Chris McDonald, stem cell research centre, 2008† as one of the most significant breakthroughs of this century in biomedicine. The focus question within this rese arch assignment is, it is right to regard an embryoRead MoreThe Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research Essay examples1237 Words   |  5 PagesStem Cell Research Extraordinary advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases is believed, by many experts, to lie behind the curtain of stem cell research. Very few other areas of research have received this much attention from the media, political leaders and various groups and organizations from around the nation. The responsiveness to this issue has been incredible because of the potential of these studies as well as the most controversial aspect of the research;

The Evolution of Islam Judaism and Christianity Free Essays

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the most recognized and popular religions around the globe. The three religions are in some ways very similar while at the same time very diverse. Collectively all three religions are monotheistic which means the belief in one God, creator of the Universe who hears the prayers of his faithfuls. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Islam Judaism and Christianity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Jews believe that God made a pact with their ancestors, the Hebrews, saying that they are the chosen ones. They await the return if the Messiah. The Christians believe that God in the form of Jesus came to earth and established the Christian church amongst his apostles. The Muslims accept both the Jewish Messiah and the Christian Jesus, but in turn believe that their profit Muhammad was the last and greatest sent by God. The religions are all of book, and have written records of God’s words. The Jews have the Hebrew Bible, the Christians have the New and Old Testament of the Christian bible which includes the Hebrew Bible, and the Muslims have the Qur’an. One of the first major Jewish Architectural creations known is the First Temple in Jerusalem. This temple was built to house the Ark of the Covenant by King Soloman back in the 10th century, it later became a place for the Jewish to worship. However it was destroyed by the Babylonians, the people where exiled and the Ark stolen. There was another grand temple built after the land was returned to the Jews by Cyrus the Great of Persia, but again destroyed by the Romans. The temple was said to be made of imported wood and was supported by two large bronze pillars. A big part of Judaism is the educations of the religion, they gather in buildings called Synagogues for this very purpose. These buildings were used by Jewish men women and children to study the Torah, and was also used for social gatherings. Before buildings were specifically built for this purpose, they would meet in private homes or anywhere Torah scrolls were kept and read. Then the construction of house like buildings began. One of the first has an assembly hall, a courtyard, and a separate room for women, soon after residential rooms were added. The two architectural features that distinguished the assembly hall from the other rooms were long benches lining the walls, and a place for the scrolls. Jews also built meeting places like that of the Roman basilica. This included an aisle on both sides and separated from this an apse adorned with Torah scrolls and facing east. Once Christianity was recognized by the government it’s number grew rapidly, more specifically amongst the wealthy. Early Christian art is described as style and imagery of the Jewish and Roman visual traditions, this is called syncreatism. Artist take images from past traditions and give them their own purpose. The most famous is what is known as the Good Shepard. Before it was a depiction of Orpheus amongst his animals, or sometimes considered a personification of philanthropy. However in the time of early Christianity, this same image became a depiction of the Good Shepard of the book of Psalms. Most early Christian art is very rare and depicted either God, his son Jesus, or the Holy Ghost. Some of the few remains of art work are in catacombs which is where the dead were buried. The most famous of these are found where two Christians who were martyred for their faith are buried. The art work of their cubicula, or small room created for the deceased, is a painting of the Good Shepard. Under to painting are the words: â€Å"I am a good Shepard. A good Shepard lays down his life for the sheep. †, and around the painting are smaller paintings depicting the story of Jonah and the sea monster. Early Muslim architects were influenced by the Romans and the Byzantines. They began to build large numbers of mosques, palaces, and shrines. Of these buildings one of the most famous and recognized is the Dome of the Rock, or Haram Al-Sharif. The building site is said to be the place where Muhammad rose to the Heavens to be with God. This site also has important value to both Jews and Christians. For the Jews this is the site where both First and Second Jewish temples were built and destroyed. For the Christians this site marks the creation of Adam and where the patriarch Abraham was sent to kill his son by God. Because both Jewish and Christian faiths have history here, the building of the Dome of the Rock is the first architectural statement by Islam that it completes the other religions. How to cite The Evolution of Islam Judaism and Christianity, Essay examples

Religion in Harwoods Poetry Essay Example For Students

Religion in Harwoods Poetry Essay In The Glass Jar, Hardwood uses the contrast between light and dark, good and evil through dealing with an Individuals perception of the universe and the notion of children learning through experience during the transformation from childhood innocence to adulthood. The sun is used as a symbol for security and plays the role as a savior. Religious imagery such as disciples is used to express the childs faith and belief in the pulse of light beside his bed. The use of the word pulse is significant as it presents the light as a form of life. The boys faith is conveyed in the use of the words bless and exorcise which is the power the boy believes the light has to overcome the monsters that ringed his bed and create a holy common place of field and flower. The use of the oxymoron Is significant as the boy attempts to make an ordinary childrens bedroom a sacred place where demons are unwelcome and where he will be safe. The holy and religious images of the first two stanzas entrant with the devilish images in the following stanzas. In the last stanza the words resurrected sun is also a religious imagery of the resurrection of Christ and it symbolisms that hope isnt lost for the sun has risen again to save the child and banish his fears. This poem mocks traditional conventions of religion and family through the fact that the mother has her back turned when the boy needs her, creating a sense of betrayal and false hope in God.

Space Pollution Is a Global Responsibility Essay Example

Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility Paper The statement says that pollution is a global responsibility, but first of all, in order to understand the statement and therefore argue the points of view, we must state what can be defined as Pollution. The Oxford dictionary states that to pollute an area is to†¦ â€Å"†¦ Destroy the purity or sanctity of; make foul or filthy; contaminate or defile†¦ † There are many types of pollution, of which the most common is atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric pollution is generally caused by the emissions of substances from mainly industry but also at home. A major cause of atmospheric pollution is the release of gases such as Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Sulfur Dioxide from industry, transport and the burning of material. Industry is also the main cause of the pollution Of rivers and oceans, where chemicals are dumped into water in the hope they will diffuse into the vast amounts of water, however, it doesn’t work this way and slowly the oceans are becoming satura ted with our pollution. This pollution of water has caused Soil pollution, where most of the nutrients needed by the soil is gained through the absorption of our polluted water. Other pollutants that are not destructive to the physical environment UT effect the human environment are noise, light and heat pollution. This pollution occurs everyday in the urbanize world where we leave on lights, leave windows open when trying to heat our homes and produce decibels of noise that annoys our closest neighbors. Even though we occasionally don’t consider this as polluting the area, we are â€Å"†¦ Destroying the purity and sanctity of†¦ † Our environment. In the opinion of many people, we are all responsible for the pollution that we cause and for preventing it Many countries have a strict policy that enforces industry and residential areas to ensure that their own area is within the safety standards for a human environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Space: Pollution Is a Global Responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, other countries are unable to enforce such a law and the inhabitants of that country are suffering. But these corporations also argue that they should only be responsible to the pollution that they cause, and that if there is not substantial evidence that they have caused the pollution, they should not be enforced to clear up, or prevent it. One of the major pollution problems that exist in the world today is Global Warming. Global Warming has occurred because atmospheric temperatures are increasing causing the polar ice caps to melt and sea level rises, but how is global warming actually caused? Global Warming is caused by an increase in the amount of Carbon Dioxide and other gases, including Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Chlorofluorocarbons (CIFS), in the atmosphere. It has been for over a century that Carbon Dioxide helps stop the sun’s infrared radiation from escaping into space and therefore functions to maintain the earths relatively warm temperature. Increasing levels Of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the last century will lead to elevated global temperatures, which could result in coastal flooding and major climatic changes that will have serious implications for agricultural productivity as well as causing greater frequency of flooding and other natural phenomenon seen recently. Global warming is a process that ignores national boundaries so it is difficult to determine who is responsible for this rise in temperatures. We should presume that because global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases, and then everyone is responsible, in some way, for this build up of pollution in the atmosphere. Therefore, we all have the responsibility for educing the amounts of toxic gases that we produce as a nation. But therefore, surely the government needs to enforce this somehow, and at what levels should the government say are deemed acceptable for the atmosphere. Industry and manufacturing are the major source of toxic emissions, so surely they should be paying for research and development of ways to slow global warming. But, again, how much does industry has to pay, should there be an international standard? Enforcing the amount of gases emitted by the companies would be difficult so it would be easier for there to e a standard rate paid by the companies, but then some are paying more than Others. All these financial arguments about who is going to take financial responsibility for global warming is slowing down the process to preventing it and taken defenses against rising sea levels and increased risk of flooding. Financial responsibility is a debated topic of which no one is willing to pay up for the damage being caused. In one opinion, it is the global responsibility of the people to pay through the tax system; however, some people believe that industry is to blame for the pollution so they should be paying. One thing that is agreed is that there is blame for global warming in every country’ with no exceptions. In the same atmospheric respects to global warming, the increasing hole in the Ozone Layer is contributing to diseases such as skin cancer, but also adding to Global Warming. The Ozone Layer is a region of the atmosphere from 1 2 to 30 miles above the earth’s surface. Ozone concentrations at the ratio 1: 100000 occur in the ozone layer, which is considerably high compared with other areas of the atmosphere. The ozone forms there by the action of sunlight on oxygen. This action has been taking lace for many millions of years, but naturally occurring nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere apparently have kept the ozone concentration at a fairly stable level. Concentrations this great at ground level are dangerous to human health; but because the ozone layer protects life on earth from the full force of the sun’s cancer-causing ultraviolet radiation, it is critically important. Therefore, scientists were concerned when they discovered, in the sass, that certain chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, (CIFS) long used as refrigerants and in aerosol spray cans, posed a possible threat to the ozone layer. Released into the atmosphere, the chlorine-containing chemicals rise and are broken down by sunlight, where-upon the chlorine reacts with and destroy ozone molecules. For this reason, the use of CIFS in aerosols has been banned in Britain as well as other countries such as the United States of America, Canada, Australia and most European Communit y members. These harmful gases have now caused a hole in the layer allowing the ultraviolet light to penetrate the atmosphere. We are helpless to prevent the process, and now we must hope that over time, the ozone layer will be regenerated durably through the restriction of all toxic emissions into the atmosphere. This will be difficult, as Newly Industrialized Countries such as Far Eastern Countries Singapore South Korea along with South American Countries Mexico and Brazil. These countries currently going through an Industrial Revolution of their own are not restrictive of the amount of harmful gases released into the atmosphere. Unless a complete global responsibility can be taken to ensure that no CIFS or Carbon Dioxide is released, then we will continue to suffer from these problems. But who is responsible for these main atmospheric problems? Industry can be claimed to be responsible because they use CIFS, Carbon Dioxide and other toxic gases in their industrial processes. These industries fail to prevent the release of these harmful gases into the atmosphere. The companies should find a different process of manufacturing so that either none or a nominal amount of greenhouse gases are re-leased into the atmosphere to cause the depletion of the ozone layer. Surely they should be the people to take responsibility and clear up, as it is there mess. But in contrast, as the customers of products such as CUFF aerosols and even petrol/diesel cars, we also produce these armful gases that have been damaging the atmosphere since the industrial revolution. In areas such as cars, people tend to buy diesel cars still without considering the environmental damage they will cause whilst driving to work everyday. Customers are not aware of the environment issues when buying products such as cars, aerosols and other products. Many people argue that if the customer is targeted to buy more environmentally friendly products then industry will produce these products for the people. Financial responsibility is a burden that no one is willing to bare. The final major atmospheric problem in our global concern is Acid Rain. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Acidic deposition, or acid rain as it is commonly known, occurs when emissions of Sculpture Dioxide (SIS) and Oxides of Nitrogen (KNOX) react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and oxidants to form various acidic compounds. This mixture forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. These compounds then fall to the earth in either wet form (such as rain, snow, and fog or dry form (such as gas and particles). About half of the acidity in the atmosphere alls back to earth through dry deposition as gases and dry particles. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. In some in-stances, these gases and particles can eat away the things on which they settle. Dry De-posited gases and particles are sometimes washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. The combination of acid rain plus dry deposited acid is called acid deposition. Prevailing winds transport the compounds, moieties hundreds of miles, across state and national borders. Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams and contributes to damage of trees at high elevations (for example, red spruce trees above mom in height). In addition, acid rain accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation’s cultural heritage. Prior to falling to the earth, SIS and KNOX gases and their particulate matter derivatives, sulfates and nitrates, contribute to visibility degradation and impact public health. Acid rain is a process that is to restricted by national boundaries. For example, British industry causes acid rain through emissions form their factories, and when these gases mix with the water vapor they form Sulfur Dioxide or Nitrous Oxide, which is deposited over Scandinavia. Surely it is Britain’s responsibility for the damage caused to Scandinavian forests and lakes are we should pay damages to their country for the clean up. Britain should also pay for the prevention Of the release of gases through con-versions of factories and cars that produce the emissions. But surely the countries of Scandinavia are causing acid rain, which is deposited on other countries. Should they pay for their damage in a way the each nation is paying for another nation’s pollution damage? Many people believe that it would be far easier and more sensible for each country to pay for their own damage and the prevention of the production of emissions in the future. Therefore, this will prevent the release of the gases and reduce the cost of conservation and redevelopment of damaged areas. Sharing the cost of the damage is the only way each country will take some responsibility. Throughout the world, in both More Economically Developed Countries and Less Economically Developed Countries, there are companies hat have exploited the environment and the people that occupy the area. An example of this situation is the Trans-national Corporation of Shell. Shell is the largest oil company in the world, however, the use their position and money to influence governments so that they can cut corners on safety. Nigeria is one of the biggest oil fields in the world and Shell has a huge base in the country. The country relies on Oil for 70% of its income and in particular Shell, and in order to keep the company operating within their country, it allows the corporation to do as it pleases. One of the safety isolations that exist in Britain is that all Oil pipes from pumps the refinery must run underground. Although, this makes them difficult to repair, it makes it safer for the residents. In Nigeria, the oil companies are allowed to run pipes above ground and these take the quickest route that means that they frequently run through towns and villages. In some cases, the authorities have allowed the demolition of some houses to make way for the pipes to run. These pipes are polluting the area and have caused the depletion of crops grown in the area. Soil pollution has meant that the land has become infertile and unable to bear crops or animals. The governments of Nigeria have encouraged the destruction of the people’s main income in order to sustain the government’s main income. This example shows that some pollution is not always a global responsibility but the obligation of the company that caused the pollution. The government that presides over the Trans-national Corporation should then enforce this obligation. We as a people must be protected by the government and not affected by the decisions the government makes. Pollution to this Less Economically Developed Country is being caused by a More Economically Developed Country corporation so who should take responsibility. Many people see this as a straightforward argument that Shell should take responsibility for the damage created. International laws should enforce the behavior of a Transnational Corporation in a Less Economically Developed Country to prevent any conflict between the corporation and the inhabitants of the area occupied. In examples where the corporation operating in the country is manipulating the government, then international organizations should take responsibility to enforce that the company acts properly in their operations and pays compensation to any local areas damaged or destroyed by the operational processes of the company. This enforces the view by many people that individual countries or companies cannot be held entirely responsible to pollution because they don’t have international standards to maintain, as in the case on Tins operating in many countries, it may be difficult so each operation to maintain pollution standards for each country. Thus, by having international standards, companies and countries are able to work towards a minimum level to which pollution must be re duced. These laws are drawn up, discussed and established in international law at United Nations summits by representatives from every member of the LLC, which is ritually all states throughout world, and even those countries who are not full members are able to send a representative. Recently, the United Nations met in Brussels to discuss Global Warming at a Climate Conference. During this time of talks, it was planned that an agreement would be drawn up to decide international limits of emissions of the toxic gases mentioned throughout this report. This highly publicized conference came to an end after many developed count-tries became too stubborn to compromise over the levels of emissions to be allowed so as they do not affect the atmosphere and the processes operating within. This is the latest of many summits that have occurred since the set-up of the organization to ensure that their inhabitants protect the world. Throughout the conferences, decisions are made to ensure that the world we live in is ecologically and environmentally maintained. An example of a documentation Of how the environment is essential to our world is that of Agenda 21. Agenda 21 was written and signed by the United Nations at a summit in ROI De Jeanine on the 14th of June 1992. This agreement ensures the protection of the atmosphere and the processes that operate within it. These include the protection of the ozone rarer, the reduction of emissions that cause acid rain and global warming. The report also encourages energy efficiency and sustainable developments throughout the developed and developing worlds. Many of these situations have led me to believe that the companies producing the pollution should pay for preventing any damage to the environment through filtration of the toxic emissions produced. It is possible for the gases to be removed from the air so that no toxic fumes are release and most are transformed into other elements or compounds. This should reduce the pollution to both their own Mounties and countries immediately around them. I believe that to enforce this responsibility, the nation’s government should monitor the volume of emissions and ensure that the corporations adhere to international limits set by all countries through an international environmental governing body. This environment body should also ensure that Transnational Corporations do not manipulate other countries that rely on the income that the company produces. Any corporation that fails to comply with the restrictions should be severely fined. However, companies that do not have the financial power to reverent the pollution should receive financial aid from an international pool of money set aside by each country depending on their own financial status. In ways of preventing pollution, the More Economically Developed Countries mush help the Less Economically Developed Countries, and in particular Newly Industrialized Countries, to reduce the pollution that they are causing and to help prevent the pollution being released. I believe that as an international community, pollution is a global responsibility and through the education of people throughout the world, more can be done to prevent the elution occurring. It is my opinion that if the customer of many products are targeted so that the customer has environmental knowledge to make an informed decision on the products to purchase. Thus, by ensuring that the customer will only purchase environmentally friendly products, the manufactures will be forced to ensure environmental quality to attract the customer to their product. After all, it is the customer or normal person that is affected by the pollution so surely they could have some impact on changing the environmental habits of a country. I believe that by taking these assures then pollution will be lowered and that the environment can recover from the 1 50 years of heavy pollution caused by human neglect.

How to Get Your CDL in Maryland and Arizona

How to Get Your CDL in Maryland and Arizona This article is useful for anyone who wants to get your CDL in Maryland and Arizona. If you want to learn about earning a CDL at other states, we have put together a comprehensive guide on how to get a commercial driver’s license in every state of the country. MarylandThe following are the requirements for obtaining a CDL in Maryland.You must be 18 years old to obtain a learner’s permit for an intrastate CDL and  21 years of age for an interstate one.You must have a full Maryland driver’s license.When applying, you must provide proof of age, identity, and Maryland residence.Drivers of heavy trucks, buses and vehicles placarded for  hazardous materials  must have a special CDL  with proper endorsements. Vehicles 26,000+ pounds, buses designed to transport 16+ passengers including the driver, all school buses, mobile cranes, uncoupled tractors, and most tow trucks are included.You must pass a  vision screening  and knowledge test.Out-of-state learnerâ⠂¬â„¢s permits cannot be exchanged for a Maryland learner’s permit or license.You must present valid Med Cert documentation (DOT card, skills performance evaluation, waiver exemption, etc.) whether applying for a new license or renewing, duplicating or correcting a CDL.In order to obtain your CDL, you must pass a knowledge test and a skills test.Knowledge TestThe  desired  class of license and endorsements you seek  will determine what CDL knowledge tests are required. You must obtain an 80% passing score on each required test. You must provide a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (DOT Card) or a valid Intrastate State/Interstate Waiver.The General Knowledge Test is required by all applicants, and you must pass it to take  additional knowledge tests.The Air Brake Knowledge Test is required if your vehicle is equipped with air brakes.The Combination Vehicles Knowledge Test is required if you want to drive combination vehicles.The Tanker Knowledge Test is required if you want to haul liquids in bulk.The Double/Triples Knowledge Test is required to pull double or triple trailers.The Passenger Knowledge Test is required by all bus drivers and school bus operators. In addition, school bus operatiors must pass the   School Bus Knowledge Test.The Hazardous Materials Knowledge Test is required if you wish to haul hazardous materials.CDL Skills TestThis test consists of a  pre-Trip Inspection to include an air brake test if vehicle is equipped with air brakes, a basic maneuvers test, and a public road test.  You must pass each level before moving on to the next.ArizonaThe following vehicles require you to have a CDL:If you will drive a combination vehicle (truck and trailer) whose trailer has a GVWR of 10,001+ lbs. total weight with the truck of 26,001+ lbs, you will need a Class A CDL.If you will drive a vehicle with  GVWR is 26,001+ lbs., you will need a Class B CDL. With this license, you can also tow a trailer with  weight that does not exceed 10,000 lbs.If you will transport hazardous materials or 16+ passengers (including the driver) in a vehicle with  GVWR 26,000 lbs. or less, you will need a Class C CDL.To obtain your CDL, You must  answer a minimum of  80 percent of the questions on each knowledge test correctly and complete a road/skills test in the class of vehicle you intend to drive.Knowledge TestAll applicants must pass a knowledge test required for the class of license, restriction, and endorsements they wish to possess. A general knowledge test for the Class, a or Class B and C license must be successfully completed by all CDL applicants.Skills TestAfter passing the appropriate knowledge tests, you  must then take the skills test for the class and type of vehicle you intend to drive.   Included on this exam are a  pre-trip inspection, a test of basic vehicle control, and a test in on-road driving.

Teaching and Learning Reading Skills Research Paper

Teaching and Learning Reading Skills - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that various types of media that are available in the society that discourages the students to read more are very accessible. Television, movies, and the like do not require anybody to learn how to read. The mere fact that people should only open their eyes and listen to what is projected on the screen without reading anything leads students to become uninterested in reading. At school, there is not as much student interaction during the reading classes, thus the more the students stay uninterested. Identifying students’ learning strategies are as important as identifying the different teaching strategies that the teachers should implement in a classroom. Children, at a young age, require activities that would make them interested in participating in a reading class. If there are not enough activities that would engage them in learning and developing their skills, more likely, the students would lose focus and resort to disinterest. Specific teaching tec hniques such as additional exercises and activities are necessary to encourage the students to read further. One of the most common teaching techniques that the author has observed among the teachers back in elementary was the focus on the vocabulary words in a reading class rather than the content and comprehension. There are more vocabulary exercises than those that require comprehension and analysis that may have been a lot more interesting for the children than the memorization and use of the words that teachers thought were important for the students to focus on. There are no doubt vocabulary skills should be improved as well, however, reading classes should not put much weight on the definition of the difficult words, but rather, the understanding of the students to the ideas that the reading exercises present. In addition, reading activities were but a part of the language book. Reading comprehension exercises were limited to only a few questions for which no further exercise s are added.

Continental Airlines Flight 1404 Research Paper

Continental Airlines Flight 1404 - Research Paper Example Earlier, nearly 90 percent of the aircraft accidents were grouped as survivable or technically survivable. As part of this initiative, a range of new features are integrated into aircraft at the design stage. The aircraft manufacturing industry collected details of several fatal air accident incidents and identified the key issues led to catastrophes. As a result of those extensive research practices, the air accident survival rate has significantly improved in the United States for the last two decades. This paper will discuss the case ‘Runway side excursion during attempted takeoff in strong and gusty crosswind conditions: Continental airlines flight 1404’. The paper will specifically point out why this air accident was survivable. The Mishap 250 The Continental Airlines Flight 1404 was a passenger carrier flight from Denver International Airport at Denver in Colorado to George Bush Intercontinental Airport at Huston in Texas. On 20th December 2008, at 1818 Mountain Standard Time, the Continental Airlines flight 1404 (a Boeing 737-500, N18611) skidded off the left side of the runway while taking off from the Denver International Airport. As an impact of the skidding, the flight crashed into 40 feet deep ravine which was several hundred yards away from the runway. During the course of the crash, the flight caught fire. As described in Aviation Safety Network (2008), although whereabouts of Flight 1404 were unknown at the initial stages, firefighters could immediately respond to the disaster because the plane came to rest beside one of the four fire houses of the airport. When firefighters reached the accident site, right side of the plane had been almost damaged by the fire. Passengers were being assisted by flight attendants to escape through the left side. There were 110 passengers in the flight. The captain and 5 of the passengers were severely injured whereas the first officer, 2 cabin crewmembers, and 38 passengers sustained minor injuries. Luckily, one cabin crewmember and rest of the passengers escaped unscathed. However, the flight was damaged substantially (Aviation Safety Network, 2008). Evidently, there were visual meteorological conditions at the time of the aircraft disaster. The plane followed an instrument flight rules flight plan. Investigation reports indicated that a faulty air tr affic control system and improper crosswind training in the airline industry were the major causes of the disaster. Why the Accident was Survivable While analyzing this disaster case, it seems that flight attendants’ timely responsive actions significantly contributed to the survivability of this aircraft crash. Although the flight attendants could not communicate with the pilots immediately after the aircraft came to a halt, they timely ordered an evacuation at the moment they identified the danger or fire. Since the right side of the airplane was almost caught by fire, three exits on the plane’s left side including forward, aft, and overwing were used for the evacuation process. When the forward and aft exits were operated by flight attendants, a passenger operated the left overwing exit. During the evacuation, three flight attendants and two other flight crewmembers assisted passengers to escape through less congested exits and blocked access to right side exits. In the opinion of Leib (2009), the accident was survivable because only left side of the aircraft caught fire and therefore passengers could escape through right side exits. Post-accident interviews revealed that even though passengers seemed frightened, they were greatly responsive to instructions and hence the evacuation pr

None Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

None - Assignment Example Further to this, the prompt gives other fallacious statements of the reasons why individual and other Americans should own guns. For instance, it cites the border threats posed by immigrants from Latin America and other forms of gangs. It argues that the borders have become porous hence allowing job seekers, al-Qaida agents, as well as other terrorist organizations. Moreover, it asserts that the border has increased insecurity by allowing individual committing criminal activities such as robbery, kidnapping, murder, rape among others (Rick 17). Therefore, the prompt believes that owning a gun is the only solution towards the increased insecurity in the US specifically in the southern border. There are many fallacies that are emanating from the above prompt. For instance, many US citizens believe that owning a gun can be the only solution to their insecurity. This is not the case because guns do not ensure security, but are for shooting and killing (Lunger 67). Owning a gun does not ensure the security, but threatens and intimidate those living around and who dont own. In many cases, people have been killed even when they have guns. For instance, law enforcement agents have been killed when in patrol through being ambushed (Goss and Cook 133). This is an indication that owning or possessing a gun does not guarantee the security. There are many ways citizens can protect themselves other than owning a gun. Secondly, the prompt asserts that the porous US borders more so in the south have led to insecurity by allowing immigrants. This is a fallacy; not all illegal immigrants are security threats. There are many who have been of help to the US government by offering labor in areas where citizens cannot reach (Goss and Cook 133). Some immigrants are in US legally hence should not be viewed as illegal immigrants. Instead, they should be viewed as people who can contribute positively to the US economy. Lastly, there are a number of cases when the gun owners

Lesser Sac Cystic Lymphangioma: Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Lesser Sac Cystic Lymphangioma: Gastric Outlet Obstruction Cystic Lymhangioma of the Lesser Sac in adult presenting with features of Gastric Outlet Obstruction A Case Report S Suresh Kumar Sri Aurobindo Prasad Das Vikram Kate Running title: Lesser sac cystic lymphangioma causing gastric outlet obstruction Key Words: Abdominal cystic Lymphangioma; Omental Bursa; Outlet Obstruction Article type: Case Report Section (speciality): Surgery- Gastrointestinal Surgery Abstract: Non- Structured (Case Report) ABSTRACT: Background: Cystic lymphangioma is a paediatric benign tumour, occurs commonly in head and neck region. Adult Intraabdominal lymphangiomas are uncommon and only few cases of lesser sac cystic lymphangioma are reported in the literature. Case presentation: We present a case of lesser sac cystic lymphangioma in a 26 year old lady who presented with features of gastric outlet obstruction. Clinical examination of the abdomen revealed 10 x 10 cm firm, non tender, mobile intraabdominal lump in the epigastrium. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed possible external compression at the boy of the stomach. Ultrasound of abdomen demonstrated a multicystic lesion measuring 10.2 X 8 cm, with internal echoes in one locule. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed a large multiloculated cystic lesion with hyper-dense content in the lesser sac extending up to the left lobe of the liver and indenting the stomach, lesser sac, and upper border of pancreas. On surgical exploration, a 10X8 cm multi cystic lesion with clear fluid was found in the lesser sac very close to the lesser curvature of stomach. The descending branches of left gastric which were found coursing through the cyst were ligated and the cyst was excised in Toto. Histopathological examination of the excised lesion showed features of cystic lymphangioma showing dilated lymphatic vessels with fibro-fatty tissue ingrained in the endothelial lining. Conclusion: Though intraabdominal cystic lymphangiomas are very rare, it should be considered in all atypical cases of gastric outlet obstruction. A reasonable knowledge about these benign lesions will aid in establishing the diagnosis and surgical management. Key Words: Abdominal cystic Lymphangioma; Omental Bursa; Outlet Obstruction Background Lymphagiomas are benign lesions generally occur as a result of lymphatic system malformation and infrequently reported after trauma. 90% of the cases are seen within the first two years of life and symptomatic presentation in adults is very rare. [1] Cystic lymphagiomas commonly involves neck and axilla but can occur anywhere in the body. Though Intraabdominal lymphangioma accounts for Case presentation A 26-year old lady presented to surgical outpatient department with complaints of early satiety, vomiting few hours after food intake and vague fullness of upper abdomen. She also had features of dyspepsia for the past one year. She had developed pain and had a feeling of a mobile lump in the upper abdomen for the past one month. There was no pancreatitis episode before. General physical examination was unremarkable. Clinical examination of the abdomen revealed 10 x 10 cm lump in the epigastrium which was firm in consistency. The lump was non tender, freely mobile and intra-abdominal. Investigations The haemogram and biochemical profiles were within normal limits. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done which showed normal mucosa of stomach with possible external compression at the boy of the stomach. Ultrasound of abdomen was suggestive of a multicystic lesion measuring 10 X 8 cm, with internal echoes in one locule, present superior to pancreas adjacent to the left lobe of the liver. Rest of abdomen was unremarkable. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed a large multiloculated cystic lesion measuring 10.2 X 8 cm with hyper dense content in some loculi in the lesser sac extending up to the left lobe of the liver and indenting the stomach, lesser sac, and upper border of pancreas with a few branches of left gastric vessels coursing through it. (Figure: 1) Correlating the clinical, USG and CECT abdomen findings a diagnosis of possible lymphangioma was made and the patient was planned for exploratory laparotomy as the symptoms were persisting. Surgical management On surgical exploration, a 10X8 cm multi cystic lesion with clear fluid was found in the lesser sac very close to the lesser curvature of stomach. (Figure: 2) The descending branches of left gastric which were found coursing through the cyst were ligated and the cyst was excised in Toto. (Figure: 3) A drain was placed in lesser sac and abdomen was closed in layers. Outcome and follow- up Postoperative course was uneventful. The drain was removed on the 3nd postoperative day and the patient was discharged on seventh post operative day. Histopathological examination of the excised lesion showed features of cystic lymphangioma showing dilated lymphatic vessels with fibro-fatty tissue ingrained in the endothelial lining. (Figure: 4) Patient was followed up at one month, six months, one year and two year after surgery. On each visit, clinical examination and USG was done which showed no evidence of recurrence. The lady is presently on regular follow up for past 2 years with no evidence recurrence till date. Discussion Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangiomas are uncommon benign tumours that can involve the mesentery, omentum, colon, spleen, pelvis, groin, and retroperitoneum [5, 6]. We had a case of cystic lymphangioma in the lesser sac which is very rare. Cystic lymphangiomas are considered to originate from malformed or malpositioned lymphatic tissue. Factors such as abdominal trauma, inflammatory process, lymphatic obstruction due to radiation therapy or surgery may lead to secondary formation of such tumors. Our patient did not have any of the mentioned inciting factors; the cause was probably congenital which had manifested late in life. Commonly known to present in childhood, lymphagiomas sometimes remain asymptomatic until late adulthood, and are discovered during evaluation of vague and chronic nonspecific symptoms like anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weight loss, which are secondary to mass effect [4]. This was seen in our patient who had early satiety and vomiting after food intake probably due to mass effect and had a vague feeling of mass in the abdomen. Other ways of presentation such as acute abdomen, mimicking acute appendicitis has also been reported [3]. Contrast CT done in our patient revealed multicystic lesion measuring 10.2 X 8 cm, present superior to pancreas, in the lesser sac adjacent to the left lobe of the liver. Cystic lymphangioma usually presents as a large multilocular cystic mass with enhanced walls with multiple thin septa containing uncomplicated fluid on abdominal ultrasonography and contrast enhanced computerized tomography which is very often diagnostic [7]. The differential diagnosis includes cystic lesions of, enteric urogenital or mesothelial origin. Pancreatic pseudocysts from trauma, dermoid cysts or teratomas and cystic degeneration of solid tumours are also to be considered before making this rare diagnosis. Management of intra-abdominal cystic tumours depends on the clinical symptoms, size of the cyst, and the degree of clinical suspicion for malignancy. Imaging usually provides useful information for the planning of treatment. Complete removal of the tumour offers an excellent prognosis and laparoscopic removal of lymphangioma also shown feasible in few reports. We therefore decided to perform a laparotomy and complete excision of the cyst was done. On the other hand, recurrence has been reported in 10% of patients in whom primary resection was incomplete.[9] If the feeding lymphatics are not completely ligated, chylous ascites may also occur. Conclusion: Though intra-abdominal cystic lymphangiomas are very rare, it should be considered in cases of gastric or biliary obstruction where the cause could not be recognized clearly. Reasonable knowledge about these benign lesions will aid in establishing the diagnosis during such instances. Complete surgical excision offers the best chance for cure and should be attempted in all the cases to avoid recurrence. Consent Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this Case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal. Competing interests disclosures The authors have no potential or real conflict of interests The authors have no financial support or ties to disclose The authors have no financial or non financial competing interests to declare Authors contributions Suresh Kumar S, Das S A and Kate V diagnosed and managed the case. Suresh Kumar S, Das S A did the literature search. Suresh Kumar S and Das S A collected the images. Suresh Kumar S and Kate V drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. References Hanagiri T, Baba M, Shimabukuro T, Hashimoto M, Takemoto H, Inoue A, Sugitani A, Shirakusa T. Lymphangioma in the small intestine: Report of a case and review of the Japanese literature. Surgery Today 1992; 22: 363-367 Roisman I, Manny J, Fields S, Shiloni E. Intra-abdominal lymphangioma. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 485-489 Benjamin HL Tan, Teegan Lim. Cystic lymphangioma of the lesser sac presenting as acute appendicitis: A case report. Cases J. 2008; 1: 147. Massoud Baghai-Wadji, Azadeh JalalKamali, ToorajReza Mirshekari. Cystic lymphangioma of the lesser sac. Can J Surg. 2006; 49: 292. Fernandez Hurtado I, Bregant J, Mulet Ferragut JF, et al. abdominal cystic lymphangioma. Cir Pediatr. 1998 ; 11: 171-3 Chuang-Wei Chen, Sheng-Der Hsu, Chien-Hua Lin, Ming-Fang Cheng, Jyh-Cherng Yu Cystic lymphangioma of the jejunal mesentery in an adult: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 5084-5086 Angela D. Levy, Vito Cantisani, Markku Miettinen. Abdominal Lymphangiomas: Imaging Features with Pathologic Correlation. AJR 2004; 182: 1485-1491 8. Kenney B, Smith B, Bensoussan AL. Laparoscopic excision of a cystic lymphangioma. J Laparoendosc Surg. 1996; 6: S99-101. 9. Steyaert H, Guitard J, Moscovici J, Juricic M, Vaysse P, Juskiewenski S: Abdominal cystic lymphangioma in children: benign lesions that can have a proliferative course. J Pediatr Surg 1996, 31:677-680. 1

San Antonio School District Vs. Rodriquez Essay -- essays research pa

San Antonio School District Vs. Rodriquez Rodriquez was started by parents whose children attended elementary and secondary schools in the Edgewood Indecent School District. About 90% of the students were Mexican American and 6% were African American. In Rodriquez, the Plaintiff's brought a class action on behalf of school children who were members of poor families who reside in school districts having a low property tax base. They claimed that the school's confidence on local property taxation favors the more well off and violates equal protection requirements. The Supreme Court examined the Texas school finance structure and rejected this claim. They ruled that education was not a fundamental right under the Federal Constitution and that students did not have the right to attend schools funded on the same level as a nearby wealthier district. This case shows the lack of equal educational opportunities for many poor and minority students, which was present in many states. School districts in America involved much of the funding for public schools to come from local property taxes. By doing this it affected the disadvantaged students who attended schools in the area that had low property taxes. This decision essentially placed the responsibility of equitable funding for public schools in the hands of the states, and since that time many states have faced law suits and court decisions based on their â€Å"formulas† for funding public schools (Verstegen, 1998). One pro surround...

Gas and Soft Drinks Essay

1- That would be inelastic. Even though people gripe about the rising prices, that doesn’t stop people from stopping by the gas pumps to fill up. Elastic is more like candy bars or soda; if priced at 50 cents, there will be high demand, but if the price rises to 2 dollars, the demand will go down. Because there are many alternative brands for Coca Cola that have more or less the same taste. When the price of coca cola rises, demand decreases because consumers will find alternative brands that taste the same but at a lower price, therefore demand is elastic. Demand for soft drink as a whole is inelastic because whether or not the price increases/decreases, demand would not decrease/increase by a whole lot, since it’s the consumers’ preferred choice of drinks (just like milk is inelastic). Just because the price increases, doesn’t mean that consumers will start to drink water all the time, they’ll just drink less amounts of soft drink than usual (and vice versa). Elastic means by increasing the price, the demand for that product decreases as well. For example when the price of lamb increases, people will shift to chicken. We say the demand for lamb is elastic. Inelastic means, no matter how much the price changes, people still use it and the demand doesn’t change a lot. Same as your example, Although the oil price increases, but the demand for oil didn’d decrease. 2-petrol is also sold from especialy designed petrol pumps which costly to buld and operate . in the other hand coke and soft carbonated drinks is sold everywhere and can be sold to anyway and any gae. patrol selling you must be an adult and hold a drivers licience . Gas in the long term has higher elasticity of demand. meaning since in short term people do not have much choice,so they consume whatever is available at whatever price. 3- the coke is advertosed on over hundered tv channels around the world and it is the best known trademark in the world is sold in about one hundred and forty countries to 5. 8 billion people in eight different languguages . The cross price elasity of demand would be for the coca cola since the demand for it is growing A third example of cross-price elasticity is between Coke and Pepsi. If the price of Coke increases by 10%, then the demand for Pepsi will increase by 20%. This results in a cross price elasticity between the two of 2. Like the example above, these two would be substitues since the cross-price elasticity is greater than zero. http://mbaecon. wikispaces. com/file/view/cross_2. gif/30502983/cross_2. gif.

Einsteinium Facts - Element 99 or Es

Einsteinium Facts - Element 99 or Es   Einsteinium is a soft silver radioactive metal with atomic number 99 and element symbol Es. Its intense radioactivity makes it glow blue in the dark. The element is named in honor of Albert Einstein.   Discovery Einsteinium was first identified in the fallout from the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, the Ivy Mike nuclear test. Albert Ghiorso and his team at the University of California at Berkeley, together with Los Alamos and Argonne National Laboratories, detected and later synthesized Es-252, which exhibits a characteristic alpha decay with an energy of 6.6 MeV. The American team jokingly named element 99 pandamonium because the Ivy Mike test had been codenamed Project Panda, but the name they officially proposed was einsteinium, with element symbol E. The IUPAC approved the name but went with the symbol Es. The American team competed with a Swedish team at the Nobel Institute for Physics in Stockholm for credit discovering elements 99 and 100 and naming them. The Ivy Mike test had been classified. The American team published results in 1954, with the test results declassified in 1955. The Swedish team published results in 1953 and 1954. Properties of Einsteinium Einsteinium is a synthetic element, probably not found naturally. Primordial einsteinium (from when the Earth formed), if it existed, would have decayed by now. Successive neutron capture events from uranium and thorium could theoretically produce natural einsteinium. At present, the element is only produced in nuclear reactors or from nuclear weapon tests. It is made by bombarding other actinides with neutrons. Although not a lot of element 99 has been made, it is the highest atomic number produced in sufficient quantities to be seen in its pure form. One problem studying einsteinium is that radioactivity of the element damages its crystal lattice. Another consideration is that einsteinium samples quickly become contaminated as the element decays into daughter nuclei. For example, Es-253 decays into Bk-249 and then Cf-249 at the rate of about 3% of the sample per day. Chemically, einsteinium behaves much like other actinides, which are essentially radioactive transition metals. Its a reactive element that exhibits multiple oxidation states and forms colored compounds. The most stable oxidation state is 3, which is pale pink in aqueous solution. The 2 phase has been shown in a solid state, making it the first divalent actinide. The 4 state is predicted for the vapor phase but has not been observed. In addition to glowing in the dark from radioactivity, the element releases heat on the order of 1000 watts per gram. The metal is noteworthy for being paramagnetic. All isotopes of einsteinium are radioactive. At least nineteen nuclides and three nuclear isomers are known. The isotopes range in atomic weight from 240 to 258. The most stable isotope is Es-252, which has a half-life of 471.7 days. Most isotopes decay within 30 minutes. One nuclear isomer of Es-254 has a half-life of 39.3 hours. The uses of einsteinium are limited by the small quantities available and how quickly its isotopes decay. It is used for scientific research to learn about the elements properties and to synthesize other superheavy elements. For example, in 1955 einsteinium was used to produce the first sample of the element mendelevium. Based on animal studies (rats), einsteinium is considered a toxic radioactive element. Over half of ingested Es is deposited in bones, where it remains for 50 years. A quarter goes to the lungs. A fraction of a percent goes to reproductive organs. About 10% is excreted. Einsteinium Properties Element Name: einsteinium Element Symbol: Es Atomic Number: 99 Atomic Weight: (252) Discovery: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (USA) 1952 Element Group: actinide, f-block element, transition metal Element Period: period 7 Electron Configuration:  [Rn] 5f11  7s2 (2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2) Density (room temperature):  8.84  g/cm3 Phase: solid metal Magnetic Order: paramagnetic Melting Point:  1133  K   (860  Ã‚ °C, 1580  Ã‚ °F) Boiling Point:  1269  K (996  Ã‚ °C, 1825  Ã‚ °F)  predicted Oxidation States:  2,  3, 4 Electronegativity: 1.3 on the Pauling scale Ionization Energy:  1st:  619  kJ/mol Crystal Structure: face-centered cubic (fcc) References: Glenn T. Seaborg, The Transcalifornium Elements., Journal of Chemical Education, Vol 36.1 (1959) p 39.

Herpes essays

Herpes essays Anyone can get Herpes including males and females. It is usually contracted through sexual contact. New data collected from over 20 countries confirms that Herpes is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Approximately 1 in 4 adults is infected with the herpes simplex virus. There are an estimated one million new cases of herpes each year. When infected people come into sexual contact with another person, the herpes virus is spread. The virus sheds in small but contagious amounts of the nerve root without showing any outward signs that the nerve root is infected, this causes for widespread herpes. Herpes is very adept at avoiding the immune system, which is why it easily infects people. Usually develops between 2 to 20 days after contact. Could continue up to 2 weeks. It may be so mild that it goes unnoticed. May talk longer or be less severe in some people, especially in those with partial immunity to the virus. First attack sometimes causes visible sores. Infected area is usually painful and itchy, burning and tingly, during outbreaks. Other symptoms are: Herpes vaccines are expected in 3-5 years. There is no cure. Some drugs such as Valtrex and Acyclovir are proven to be effective in reducing frequency and duration of outbreaks. During outbreaks it is best to keep the infected area as clean and as dry as possible. You should also see a doctor. Yes almost anyone can catch the Herpes virus through sexual or any other contact that involves the transfer of bodily fluids. Herpes affects many people. About 1 in 4 adults are infected with Herpes, wh ...

Perfectly competitive markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Perfectly competitive markets - Essay Example No seller has a bargaining power over another because the products sold in perfectly competitive markets are assumed to be homogenous in nature. Lastly, the motives of the seller participants is maximization of profit, hence they sell where marginal revenues equal the marginal cost. From these characteristics is driven the 'price taker' nature of firms in the market. Hence it is safely inferred that in such markets the prices set by individual firms and the industry are same; and is determined by the interaction of total market demand and total market supply. The prices set by individual firms and the industry is same; and is determined by the interaction of total market demand and total market supply. From the above graph, it is visible that when both quantity demanded and quantity supplied is at the same level i.e. 800 kgs, there the market will reach equilibrium. At that point, the equilibrium price is $11 per kg. The prices of products are impacted either by a change in the demand of that product, or when the supply of that particular product changes. Bade, Parkin and Wesley (2008) said on the demand side, the change in demand factors including changes in consumer tastes by preferring a certain product over another, when then is an increase in the number of buyers for the product, or when income of the buyer changes (increases or decreases) depending on whether the product is normal good or inferior good. The change in the prices of related products also impacts the demand. On the supply side resource prices, technology, taxes and subsidies, prices of other goods and anticipation of future price changes and the number of suppliers affect the supply. Cyclone Larry increased the price of bananas because it wiped out the banana crop in Queensland, which reduced the quantity supplied of bananas into the market, hence a movement on the supply curve; which led to the increase in the prices of bananas. Price Quantity Supplied Quantity Demanded in A $ in kgs in kgs 15 1000 400 13 900 600 11 800 800 9 700 900 8 600 1100 7 0 1300 6 0 1600 In the diagram, we can see that at $ 15, the quantity demanded is less than quantity supplied, which means 'many consumers could not afford to buy them'. Question 3: In controlling the price of bananas, which have reached a certain high and is unaffordable for consumers, the government intervenes to control the prices that it thinks are unfavorably high for the buyers. Thus, using its legal right, government limits the high prices by imposing the price ceiling (Lipsey & Chrystal, 2007). Here, we demonstrate the impact of price ceilings graphically. In our case, Cyclone Larry has adversely impacted the crop of bananas, and has reduced the supply of bananas. At this level, quantity demanded increases relative to quantity supplied. This increases the equilibrium or the market price. This rapidly rising prices of bananas greatly burdens low and moderate income house holds , which leds government to intervene for making it affordable for the masses. It imposes a ceiling price of A $ 8 per kg. For this to be effective, the price ceiling is less than the equilibrium price, which in our example as earlier

The History of New Jerseys Musicians, Songwriters and Singers Research Paper

The History of New Jerseys Musicians, Songwriters and Singers - Research Paper Example New Jersey was the third state to join the union. Many of the leaders in that period were well educated and cultured men who embodied the values of the European countries from where their ancestors came. Dutch, Swedish and British settlers imprinted aspects of their culture on the early New Jersey landscape, and this accounts for its relatively fast move from a traditional farming economy to extensive industrialization and a focus on trade and shipping, and eventually railways as well. Church music was of course a staple of cultural life in the early days, but the situation as far as music is concerned in the new colonies was very different from that in Europe: â€Å"the great European musical tradition grew over the years in the sheltered environment of courts and cathedrals. American music, on the other hand, made its own way in the rougher area of musical entrepreneurship and amateur music making.†1 The so-called â€Å"middle colonies† of New York, Pennsylvania and N ew Jersey contained a mix of peoples, and so from the beginning there was British chamber music, Irish dance music, and Scandinavian square dancing based on Scandinavian traditional music with violins, all co-existing at the same time. New Jersey author and politician Francis Hopkinson (1737-1791) who took part in the creation of the American constitution was a very keen musician: â€Å"In the years before his premature death, by now a highly honoured national figure and Federal District Court Judge, he seemed most proud to proclaim himself ‘the first Native of the United States who has produced a Musical Composition.’ † 2 His compositions were a mix of concert pieces and sacred music, with... This paper stresses that New Jersey artists have been both successful and also very productive over a long period. We have seen how the the rich mix of different cultures arriving with successive waves of immigrants into in New Jersey has brought constant renewal. There is also evidence of the need for good business sense in an region prone to boom and bust economies. New Jersey artists like Frank Sinatra, Bruce Springsteen and Queen Latifah have brought their huge personalities into their work, and they combine an affection and respect for their humble origins with a worldly wisdom gained from decades of hard work and success in the business. It is hard to explain exactly why so many talented musicians have come from New Jersey. This report makes a conclusion that things are not always easy for working class families, and the struggle for success often involves avenues that are outside, or even in opposition to mainstream society. The combination of blue collar backgrounds and world-beating careers has we see in the artists mentioned above displays one feature that is often lacking in modern American music and that is authenticity. The talents of New Jersey shines through diversity, proving that flaws and setbacks in all our lives can be a force drives us on to achieve excellence. Each generation has taken the musical history of New Jersey and made it relevant to its own time, and in so doing they have topped the charts time after time with no sign that this fount of talent will ever stop.

Australian Property Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Australian Property Market - Essay Example However the interest rates have all along been one of the dominating factors in determining the demand and supply position of the residential properties, as the initial investment is heavy in the case of large residential property developments and the gestation period is also long to get back the investments. This paper analyses the impact of interest rates on the demand for residential properties. On an analysis it is found that the residential property market in Australia is getting stronger every year. There are several factors that affect the growth of the property market in any country. It so happens that any factor affecting the residential property market in the major cities will follow course to smaller towns and cities and affect the country as a whole over the period. The prices of residential properties continue to increase during the period 2003 through 2005 in spite of a slight increase in the interest rates of up to 0.5 percent. However this increase caused a slow down in the property market in Sydney and Melbourne for some period, but the boom in the property market continued despite the increase in the interest rate. The demand for the house properties remained strong during the period, due to the fact that the Gross Domestic Product of Australia in general remained stronger showing an enhanced progress of the economy. Similarly the support from the government in the form of certain tax cuts and other measures had improved the household disposable incomes and raised the consumer confidence. This also gave rise to the boom in the property market. Another factor that led to the increase in the demand for the house properties is the change in the general attitude of the people in getting the financial support form families making the purchase of property as a life time dream comes true. But in spite of all these positive factors there was a decline in the demand. Analysts point out various factors responsible for this slowness in the property market. Though not the only reason, increase in the interest rates was cited as one of the factors responsible for the reduction in the demand for the properties. With this background I intend to present this paper reporting in detail the impact of interest rates on the residential property market in Australia. 2.0 Aims and Objectives: This research will mainly center around the impact of the interest costs among other factors on the demand position of the residential properties in the Australian property market. To achieve the main objectives of the research study, the level of the interest rates during the historical period will be analysed and the demand for the residential properties during the corresponding period will be correlated to report the trend of the demand position on the basis of the changes in the

The British Government Essay Example for Free

The British Government Essay Censorship played a vital role in hiding the negative effects of the war and controlling public opinion. Censorship is hiding or deleting parts of information. Photos, texts, statistics and information were all edited. The government had overtaken the media and carefully selected positive information and sometimes-irrelevant information to mislead civilians and control peoples opinions. Censorship was a strategic military action to mislead the enemy into thinking Britain was winning. The most important factor for censorship was to prevent the enemy from getting too much information. It was used to boost civilians morale because if they knew the truth, they might riot in the streets, forcing the government to surrender. One of the most significant and successful methods of censorship was the use of the radio. Many people had radios. It broadcasted happy and patriotic songs to keep up the morale. Demoralizing information was censored and statistics were exaggerated to their advantage. A good example of the need for censorship is the Bethnal Green Tube station incident where 173 people suffocated because a woman fell over. They censored information similar to this because they didnt want people to stop using shelters and people dying, if they died trying to reach safety, they might feel nowhere is safe and it would lower morale. If it wasnt censored, the Germans would exaggerate it to be a huge victory and the British would assume they were losing. The government blamed it on the bombing reassured people that it was safe. Censorship didnt quite boost morale but it definitely kept it from going down, propaganda was used mainly for boosting morale. Propaganda is information that is spread to promote a cause. The most important reason for propaganda was to boost morale in times of hardship. Also, it was used so people would contribute to the war effort. Even though sometimes the items werent used, but it made people feel as though they had done their bit. It was used to pressure parents to send their children away to the countryside. Most propaganda was positive and mostly funny also, to keep spirits high and to show the enemy they were surviving. It was also funny because it was uplifting and not to frighten people. Some propaganda used fear to make people do what the government wanted such as recycling. Propaganda was suitable for everyone and gave instructions incase of attacks. Another important use of propaganda was to make people obey the governments advice for example building a shelter or a wartime garden. Propaganda was also used to ensure civilians to use resources sparingly so that Britain could be self-sufficient because sailors getting the foreign goods were often at risk. Propaganda was shown in many ways such as films, the radio and posters, which were everywhere. The most significant and successful method of propaganda was posters because they were everywhere and it promoted safety precautions. They were designed to have catchy phrases and made people laugh, this would make them remember the message within the poster. Propaganda also promoted unity so that people wouldnt turn on each other. Normal life was also promoted so people didnt panic and cause riots. The duty of women was emphasized because they were important in keeping the family together. Stories were invented and victories of the R. A. F were exaggerated to again, boost morale. Statistics were also exaggerated, perhaps in an attempt to trick the enemy into believing they were losing.

Millennialism and Apocalypse Thought in S. T. Coleridge and William Wor

missing some works cited "Tintern Abbey": Millennialism and Apocalypse Thought in S. T. Coleridge and William Wordsworth's Poetics Storming of the Bastille 1789 [1] During and in the aftermath of the French Revolution, millennialist thought – independent of the myriad of economic and historical reasons for its precipitation – influenced many authors. Many people perceived the French Revolution as a foreshadowing of an Apocalypse that would usher in a new millenarian epoch, one levelling social distinctions between people and bringing about what was believed to be Christ's absolute rule. Samuel Taylor Coleridge was such a writer influenced by millennialist and apocalyptic belief in the late-eighteenth-century. His early writings and visions, such as in Religious Musings (1794-6), and Pantisocracy (1794), as well as his proposed communal experiment on the Susquehanna River in the United States, mark his belief in a millennium that would eliminate the social evils that he saw as detrimental to both individuals and the society in which he lived. The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse Revelations 6 : 1-8, detail from Albert Durer [4] The belief in millenarian and apocalyptic movements is one that was, and remains, today pervasive. Its origins are not entirely understood, but as Hillel Schwartz notes, "its root term, millennium, refers to a first-century eastern Mediterranean text, the Apocalypse of John or Book of Revelation." [2] Schwartz further notes that: "Among the world religions we can locate two constellations of millenarian thought about an epochal pulsing of time, one Zoroastrian-Jewish-Greek-Christian, the other Hindu-Buddist-Taoist-Confucian." [3] Broadly defined, it is: The belief that the end of the w... ..., in Romanticism: An Anthology, with CD-ROM, 2nd ed. Oxford & Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000. [BACK] 11. Earl Leslie Griggs, Ed. Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956, 395, 397. [BACK] 12. Duncan Wu and David Miall, eds. Romanticism: An Anthology, with CD-ROM, 2nd ed. Oxford & Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000. ( 271). [BACK] 13. Ibid, 191. [BACK] 14. Ibid. [BACK] 15. Wordsworth, "There is an active principle" (1798), 9-11. [BACK] 16. Coleridge, quoted in Peterfreund, Stuart. "Coleridge and the Politics of Critical Vision." Critical Essays on Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Ed. Leonard Orr. New York, Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan International, 1994, 39. [BACK] 17. Earl Leslie Griggs, Ed. Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Vol. II. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956, 1013. [BACK] 18. http://www.new-harmony.com/

Handmaids Tale Essay -- essays research papers

Many of the principles of Gilead are based on Old Testament beliefs. Discuss Atwoods use of biblical allusions and their political significance in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The Handmaids Tale’ is a book full of biblical allusions, before Atwood begins the text an epigraph gives us an extract from Genesis 30: 1-3 â€Å"And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die. And Jacob’s anger was kindled against Rachel; and he said, Am I in God’s stead, who hath withheld from thee the fruit of the womb? And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her.† This principle from the Bible is used throughout ‘The Handmaids Tale’, the principles being that it is the idea of both assemblages that a women’s duty is to have children and that it is acceptable for a man to be angry if a women can not produce a child. Both these beliefs show that in jointly the Bible and ‘The Handmaids Tale’, women are completely defined by fertility and are classed as ‘walking wombs’. ‘The Handmaids Tale’ recreates the selected stanzas from the bible with Jacob, Rachel, Leah and the two handmaids. The tale is an Old Testament story about surrogate mothers, on which the novel is based. The section gives biblical precedent for the several practices of Gilead, by doing this it paves the way for Atwood to comment on patriarchy where women are undervalued and abused in all walks of life. The idea is also expressed later when we discover the ‘Red Centre’ governmentally known as the ‘Rachel a nd Leah Centre’. As the basis of the novel it is replicated many times throughout the text, for example, it is found in the family reading before the monthly ceremonies, and in Rachel’s plea ‘give me children, or else I die’. This clearly lays emphasis on the threat to the Handmaids life. By failing to produce a child, they will be classed as Unwomen and sent to the Colonies to die. Atwood, to coordinate with biblical references has employed a biblical name for the place where the book is set. Gilead is the name Atwood saw fit to call her town. The fundamentalist Republic of Gilead is named after a place in the Old Testament, a mountainous region east of Jordan. Gilead is closely connected with the history of patriarch Jacob, and the prophe... ...ical references, for example, the lords prayer in chapter thirty where she changes the ‘norm’ and asks for the things that she really wants. Just like the commander and the teachers of regime do in order to get what they want. â€Å"Now we come to forgiveness. Don’t worry about forgiving me right now. There are more important things. For instance: keep others safe, if they are safe. Don’t let them suffer too much. If they have to die, let it be fast. You might even provide a heaven for them. We need you for that. Hell we can create ourselves.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gileads official discourse is a hybridised rhetoric, which combines biblical language with traces of American capitalist phrases; for example, ‘in God we trust’ is the motto on the dollar bill. Marxism and feminism. It uses and abuses the bible in the same way as it uses the slogans of the liberal ideology it has overthrown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Handmaids Tale’ is a blunt warning to modern society, Atwood underlines that all the points in her novel have occurred in the world previously, and if propaganda establishes itself it could take place again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Levendary cafe case study Essay

1. Statement of Problem: What are the problems being faced and the most important 3-4 decisions the company needs to make regarding the situation of the company in China. The company transformation from private equity ownership with an immediate shift of CEO marked new challenges for the company. The company has been going through rigorous changes to keep up with the strong performance track record. However, the distinction of the profiles and management approach of the two CEOs was obviously noticed by the subordinates. The intelligent handling of management issues and concerns with subsequent impact on the employees and consumers mark the importance and sensitivity of the decisions of Mia Foster. The response and performance of China Market are the primary problematic area of the company. The management is piled with issues and skepticism on the ground of the equation generated out of new CEO, new Market, new strategies and new reporting procedures. The dire need of management is to visit location with ample supporting information and vigilant approach to take hold over the situation. The core areas to be addressed in this reference includes the dil emmas of swirled market reputation of the company, skepticism over the company’s potential to grow as a multinational brand, competitor’s rivalry and in house mismanagement issues. An immediate and focused response to the illustrated concerns is essential at this point of time to take hold of the situation before it gets any worst. The solutions devised in this reference are illustrated below; a.  Product Image in Market. b. Communication plan (Internal / External) c. Documentation of Policies and procedures d. Marketing strategy development 2. Alternatives: What are three different courses of action she can take to deal with Louis Chen and solve these various issues? Clearly explain. The importance of the concerns with the necessity to strategically move to address the issues is obvious. The different courses of action that can be adapted to respond the requisites are referred below: a. Department Heads are to be aligned over a platform with allocation of KPI in their respective fields in the light of the strategic objectives. b. The board of directors is to be supported by an in house team to monitor and coach the resolutions. c. A third person consultation service can be hired with an objective of desired goals. 3. Decision: Recommend one course of action. Convince us why this one is best and will help fix the problems. Address any criticism that this decision is likely to face Amongst the suggested options the first option of allocation targeted objectives as KPIs of the department head is the most suitable, as it will utilize in house resources and direct monitoring of the in charge. At the same time, the possibility of information leakage or blame game is further at the diminished end if this option is opted. 4. Action: List and describe 4-5 action steps to turn your plan into reality and implement the plan A comprehensive and concise action plan to support the strategy is suggested below for your perusal. a. Development and establishment of company processes and policies. b. The communication of policies amongst all branches. c. Development of communication model that is separate links for internal communication with a user friendly website for consumers. d. The hiring of a regional media manager and financial analyst to keep the track on the path. e. Regular observation of agendas over the Board meetings. f. Allocations of target oriented KPI’s under the observation of the strategic goals.